Environmental studies ozone depletion tutorialspoint. Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health pdf, 107kb. The series is divided into three sections the science of ozone depletion 10, the impacts of ozone depletion 6, and managing ozone depletion 4. Antarctic ozone depletion and its effect on new zealand s. Some halocarbons ozone depleting substances, or odss deplete the ozone layer, while others greenhouse gases, or ghgs are thought to contribute to global warming. Ozone depletion is allowing the uv radiation to earth surface. Ozone o3 is a stratospheric layer that plays important role in providing support to humans for their survival.
It sets binding obligations for countries to phase out production of. It was agreed on 16 september 1987, and entered into force on 1 january 1989. Causes, effects and solutions of ozone layer depletion. In 1985, the scientists published an article in nature announcing that stratospheric ozone over antarctica was reduced 40% in september, the end of the austral winter. There are important effects of changes in the intensity of solar uv radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion, particularly uvb.
Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. Ozone is a gas that occurs both at groundlevel and in the earths upper atmosphere, known as the stratosphere. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a result of increasing pollution. Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health strictly, stratospheric ozone depletion is not part of global climate change, which occurs in the troposphere. The natural distribution of ozone around the earth is. Ozone layer depletion ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due tho release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, uv radiation and. One important effect is that ozone depletion in the stratosphere increases the formation of photochemical smog, including ozone accumulation, in the lower troposphere. Symptoms of ozone exposure when people breathe ozone air pollution, the lining of their lungs can become irritated and inflamed.
All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Human health effects of ozone environmental defense fund. Pdf files for other chapters and for the complete summary. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause of climate change. This baseline is defined as the health effects that would have occurred if t he ozone concentrations that existed in.
Health and environmental effects of ozone layer depletion. Since india already receives high doses of ultraviolet uvb radiation, and is at the threshold go to speak, effects of ozone layer depletion could he far more disastrous in india. It is revealed that introduction of chloroflourocarbons cfcs in the environment is the most rated cause. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. Protecting the ozone layer department of the environment. Trends in emissions of ozone depleting substances, ozone. The antarctic ozone hole, as it came to be known, made depletion of. However, various factors have led to the depletion and damage of this protective layer. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. There are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the environment. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see colored bars and scale.
The ozone layer protects living things from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. All of the ozone depleting substances controlled by. Environmental effects of ozone depletion ceda document repository. Questions and answers about the environmental effects of the ozone layer depletion and 4 climate change. There are many situations where human activities have. Chlorofluorocarbons or the cfc are the main cause of ozone layer depletion. The molecules of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are broken down by the ultraviolet radiations and release chlorine atoms. Researchers indicate that many of the effects of ozone depletion on human health tend to apply for animals, too. The world meteorological or ganization wmo, 1995 predicted that the depletion of the ozone layer peaked around 1998 and the layer would slowly recover by 2045 12. Therefore many governments are taking measures to prevent ozone depletion.
This paper briefly describes the processes leading to the dramatic depletion of ozone that occurs each springtime over antarctica, known as the antarctic ozone hole. Permanent or temporary blindness, skin cancer and immunity suppression are the main effects of these radiations reported by various researchers on humans. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. They refer mainly to the environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change, based on the 2010 report of this panel, but also on information from previous assessments and from the report of the scientific assessment panel. The montreal protocol 1 deals with substances that deplete the ozone layer ods and how to reduce them montreal protocol, 1987 and amendmentsadjustments. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. Introduction the ozone layer is a layer in earths atmosphere which. Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and. Download a pdf of ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, and climate change by the national research council for free. No, ozone depletion itself is not the principal cause of climate change.
At ground level, ozone is a pollutant that can harm human health. Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. This layer of ozone that covers our planet like a blanket is slowly thinning due to the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The main adverse health effects of higher exposure to uvb radiation, which is, in part, a consequence of depletion of stratospheric ozone, are increased risks of skin cancers, immune suppression, and disorders of the eye, including cataract.
Ocular and dermatologic health effects of ultraviolet. But many researchers do not agree with these predictions,14 and express their. Molina published in nature their ideas on the influence of the chlorofluorocarbon cfcs on ozone depletion. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions biology. In fact stratospheric ozone layer has the ability to filter the uv radiations. Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the vienna convention achievements. Apr 18, 2019 the ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Bodeker national institute of water and atmospheric research, lauder, new zealand abstract. Tthe ozone hole and global he ozone hole and global global. The most harmful effects of ozone depletion greentumble. Experts blame ozonelayer depletion on manmade chem icals containing chlorine. Trends in emissions of ozonedepleting substances, ozone.
Feb 04, 2018 ozone is the layer present in stratosphere which protects the life on earth from harmful effects of uv radiations. Overexposure to uv radiation can cause a range of health effects, including skin damage. Ozone depletion facts and information national geographic. Pdf depletion of the ozone layer and its consequences. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion montreal protocol. Oct 12, 2008 ozone depletion by clarisse, suleyman and suzy. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on. The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbonsthat deplete stratospheric ozone. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Ozone is a form of oxygen in which three atoms of oxygen combine to form a single molecule of ozone. Massive amounts of uvb radiation that penetrate our atmosphere do not only affect humans, but also animals and plants. The ozone layer protects us from excessive levels of harmful ultraviolet uv radiation.
They can kill plankton, which is a major source of food in the oceans food chain. Ozone is a very reactive molecule that has a very strong oxidizing ability. Oct 27, 2017 the effects of ozone depletion on plants and animals. Depletion of stratospheric ozone o3, as commonly known as the hole in the ozone layer, is an issue of international concern. Pdf there are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the environment.
Links between ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect volume issue 4 world research institute skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Total bromine from halons has decreased from a peak of 8. These are released by soaps, solvents, spray aerosols, refrigerators, airconditioners, etc. The ozone layer prevents most harmful uv wavelengths of ultraviolet light uv light from passing through the earths atmosphere. The strongest evidence for significant effects of ozone on crop yield comes from nclan studies heagle 1989. In recent years these effects have become more prevalent because canadians are spending more time in the sun and are exposing more of their skin in the process. Ozone layer depletion can have some serious consequences on effects of human health, plants, marine ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles and earths environment. Ocular and dermatologic health effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the ozone hole in southern chile. Let us have a detailed look at the various causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. Ozone air pollution and health studies have indicated that exposure to groundlevel ozone air pollution, even at very low levels, can cause a number of respiratory health effects particularly over time.
Climate change and human health risks and responses. This hole enables harmful ultraviolet rays to enter the earths atmosphere. Ozone layer protection european commission european union. What are the causes and effects of ozone depletion. The world health organization was established in 1948 as a.
Learn more about the process, causes, and effects of ozone layer depletion. Causes and effects of ozone layer depletion that are truly dangerous duration. Increased depletion has recently started occurring over the arctic as well. The ozone layer is responsible for absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays, and preventing them from entering the earths atmosphere. R111, 2 global warming potential 100 year, ipcc 4th assessment report, 2007. The ozone depletion has led to a worldwide concern as the thinning protective coat over earth is letting harmful ultraviolet light pass.
Progress report 2003 united nations environment programme, environmental e. Stratospheric ozone depletion has further indirect health effects. Ozone depletion is the process of destruction of the ozone layer which can cause adverse effects on the living forms by many pollutants releases out from the vehicles, industries etc. The ozone layer in the stratosphere occurs naturally, and it encircles the planet. The most harmful effects of ozone depletion greentumble air pollution february 24, 2016 one of the primary functions of the ozone layer is to filter out the majority of solar uv radiation that can reach the earths surface. Who climate change and human health risks and responses.
Ultraviolet rays can also have bad effects on nature. The ozone layer is a deep layer in the earths stratosphere that has an altitude of about 6. Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which is essential to life as we know it on planet earth. The exposure to these radiations is severely affecting all life forms on earth, especially the humans. Effects of ozone depletion as ozone depletes in the stratosphere, it forms a hole in the layer. An increase in the levels of uvb reaching the earth as a result of ozone depletion may compound the effects that sun worshipping habits have already created. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. In comparison with the earlier assessments on effects of ozone depletion, the present report has a new section. Ozone depletion and the ozone hole have generated worldwide concern over increased cancer risks and other negative effects. The ozone layer acts as a natural filter, absorbing most of the suns burning ultraviolet uv rays. Cfcs has led to a magnified springtime depletion of the protective ozone layer at both earths poles, especially over antarctica, a phenomenon well known as the ozone hole. The ozone layer shields the entire earth from some of the harmful ultraviolet rays. There are, however, several recently described interactions between ozone depletion and greenhouse gasinduced warming.
Ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, and climate change the. Causes and effects of ozone layer depletion that are. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. Ages between ozone depletion, uvb radiation and climate. Chapte r ozone depletion potentials, global warming. The causes, mechanism and bio effects of ozone layer depletion on humans were addressed. However, uv radiation is required in optimum intensity for both plants and animals. Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures. Together, they describe what ozone, the ozone layer, ozone depletion and the ozone hole are, how ozone depletion occurs, mankinds influence, its impacts, and. However, because ozone absorbs solar radiation and is a greenhouse gas, ozone changes and climate change are linked in important ways.
The results show that dicot species soybean, cotton and peanut are more sensitive to yield loss caused by ozone than monocot species sorghum, field corn and winter wheat. Both types of ozone depletion were observed to increase as emissions of halocarbons increased. One chlorine molecule from a cfc can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules. Read online causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human.
Further, the scientific background and credentials of the team of authors is impressive and clearly suited to this study. The effects of ozone depletion essay 1265 words 6 pages. Stratospheric ozone depletion leads to an increase in uvb that reach the earths surface, where it can disrupt biological processes and damage a number of materials the fact that uvb can cause biological effects is well demonstrated by the familiar sunburn that follows overexposure to the sun. Memorandum updating atmospheric health effects model. Due to this, it is also taking a toll on our health and the environment. Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health. Overexposure to uv radiation can cause a range of health effects, including skin damage skin cancers and premature aging, eye damage including cataracts, and suppression of the immune system. Ozone depletion and global warming overview page 1 of 5 halocarbons are chemical compounds containing carbon, one or more halogens, and sometimes hydrogen. Effects of ozone depletion ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment negatively, as it allows the penetration of uv radiations to reach the earth. Most ozone is found in the stratosphere upper part of the atmosphere, more than 10 to 16 kms from the surface of the earth. We care about ozone depletion because a thinner ozone layer allows more uv radiation to reach the earths surface. It is an essential factor for many global, biological and environmental phenomena.
The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, about 20 to 30 km 12 to 19 miles above the earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. Gwps including indirect effects of ozone depletion have been estimated fo r a variety of halocarbons cfcs, halons, hcfcs, etc. Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer by humanproduced ozone depleting substances has been recognized as a global environmental issue for more than three decades, and the international effort to address the issue via the united nations montreal protocol marked its 20year anniversary in 2007. Pdf download files stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health pdf 107kb pdf files for other chapters and for the complete summary. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that uvb causes nonmelanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. Global warming and ozone layer depletion are two different problems see the sidebar misconceptions about global atmospheric change on page 95. The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of uvb that reaches the earths surface. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.
Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. Cause effect solution the ozone hole global warming tthe ozone hole and global he ozone hole and global wwarming 2arming 2 the ozone hole and global warming fact file if all the ozone above your head was collected in a continuous layer, it would. Index terms bio effects, chlorofluorocarbon, ozone layer depletion, protection. When elementary preservice teachers were asked about what they attributed the cause of climate change to, 69. Links between ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection. In the last five years, substantial further study of ozone s health effects has been completed, with much of that work occurring at exposures below the current naaqs. Apr 27, 2017 learn about ozone depletion, its causes, and effects. With depletion in ozones layer, we humans are more prone to uv rays that reaches. Depletion of the ozone layer occurs globally, however, the severe depletion of the ozone layer over the antarctic is often referred to as the ozone hole. These radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as skin cancer, eye damage and genetic mutations etc 9. The fact is that ozone is also used for disinfection of air, water and for a lot of other industrial processes such as bleaching of paper pulp.
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